???? 據管道&天然氣雜志網2月24日路透社報道，美國能源情報署(Energy Information Administration，簡稱EIA)周三表示，上周美國原油日產量在得克薩斯州嚴寒期下降逾100萬桶，為有史以來最大單周降幅，煉油業務跌至2008年以來未見的水平。
????據EIA稱，在截至2月19日的一周內，美國石油日產量減少110萬桶，至970萬桶，因嚴寒迫使該州大部分電網停電，石油運營商和煉油廠因零部件和管道凍結而被迫關閉。
????一些分析師曾估計產量下降的數字要高得多，據說頁巖油氣田由于寒冷已基本停產。然而，每周的生產數據包含了大量的估算，而每月的數據（發布滯后）被認為更為準確。
????然而，油田生產正在回升，德克薩斯州和新墨西哥州二疊紀盆地規模較大的頁巖油運營商之一先鋒自然資源公司(Pioneer Natural Resources)表示，其大部分生產已經恢復。
????美國二疊紀盆地石油協會主席Ben Shepperd表示，“據我所知，我與首席執行官和運營商交談后發現，大多數人都已經復工了。”
????然而，這次寒冷風暴可能會使今年的總日產量減少大約20萬-50萬桶，這取決于老油井和可能無法恢復的未完工油井的狀況。
????Price Futures駐芝加哥高級分析師菲爾?弗林(Phil Flynn)表示，有人擔心，這將是產量長期下降。
????報告公布后，油價上漲，貿易員預計煉油需求將反彈。截止美國東部時間下午12:32（格林尼治標準時間17:32），美國原油期貨上漲1.48美元，至每桶63.13美元，漲幅2.4%，布倫特原油上漲1.66美元，至67.05美元，漲幅2.5%。
????當周煉油廠原油日產量減少260萬桶，至1,220萬桶，為2008年9月以來最低。EIA稱，當周煉油廠利用率下降14.5%，至產能的68.6%，墨西哥灣沿岸煉油中心的許多設施關閉。其中許多業務，包括Motiva企業的亞瑟港工廠，現在正在重新啟動。
????當周原油庫存增加130萬桶，至4.63億桶，而路透調查分析師預估為減少520萬桶。
????俄克拉荷馬州庫欣的原油庫存增加了280萬桶。
????EIA表示，美國原油凈進口量增加24.9萬桶/日，根據數據顯示，僅進口就減少130萬桶至約460萬桶/日，為1992年以來最低。
????美國汽油庫存增加1.2萬桶，至2.571億桶，而預測減少310萬桶。
????根據EIA數據顯示，包括柴油和取暖油在內的餾分油庫存本周減少500萬桶，至1.527億桶，而預期減少370萬桶。
????郝芬 譯自 管道 & 天然氣雜志網
????原文如下：
????EIA: U.S. Crude Output Falls 10%, Refinery Runs Drop to 2008 Low
????U.S. crude oil production dropped by more than 1 million barrels per day last week during Texas's deep freeze, equaling the largest weekly fall ever, and refining runs tumbled to levels not seen since 2008, the Energy Information Administration said on Wednesday.
????Overall output fell by 1.1 million bpd to 9.7 million bpd in the week to Feb. 19, the EIA said, as the brutal cold forced most of the state's power grid offline, and oil operators and refiners were forced to shut as components and pipelines froze.
????Some analysts had estimated far higher figures for production declines, with some saying shale fields had largely shut down due to the cold. Weekly production figures incorporate heavy estimates, however, and monthly data - which is issued on a lag - is considered more accurate.
????Oilfield output is rebounding, however, with Pioneer Natural Resources, one of the larger shale operators in Texas and New Mexico's Permian basin, saying most of its production has returned.
????“It’s my understanding as I’ve talked to CEOs and operators that most folks are back online," said Ben Shepperd, president of the Permian Basin Petroleum Association.
????The storms, however, may reduce overall output for the year by roughly 200,000 to 500,000 bpd, depending on the status of older wells and unfinished wells that may not recover.
????"There is some concern that this will be a long-term permanent production drop," said Phil Flynn, senior analyst at Price Futures in Chicago.
????Oil prices rose after the report, and as traders anticipate refining demand to rebound. U.S. crude futures gained $1.48, or 2.4%, to $63.13 a barrel as of 12:32 p.m. EST (1732 GMT), while Brent rose $1.66, or 2.5%, to $67.05.
????Refinery crude runs fell by 2.6 million bpd in the week to 12.2 million bpd, the lowest since September 2008. Refinery utilization rates slumped by 14.5% to 68.6% of capacity on the week, the EIA said, as numerous facilities in the refining hub along the Gulf Coast shut down. Many of those operations, including Motiva Enterprises' Port Arthur facility, were now restarting.
????Crude inventories rose by 1.3 million barrels in the week to 463 million barrels, compared with analysts' expectations in a Reuters poll for a 5.2 million-barrel drop.
????Crude stocks at the Cushing, Oklahoma, delivery hub rose by 2.8 million barrels.
????Net U.S. crude imports rose by 249,000 bpd, the EIA said, but imports alone dropped by 1.3 million bpd to about 4.6 million bpd, the lowest since 1992, the data showed.
????U.S. gasoline stocks rose by 12,000 barrels to 257.1 million barrels, compared with expectations for a 3.1 million-barrel drop.?
????Distillate stockpiles, which include diesel and heating oil, fell by 5 million barrels in the week to 152.7 million barrels, versus expectations for a 3.7 million-barrel drop, the EIA data showed.
