據(jù)《石油世界期刊》12月17日里約熱內(nèi)盧報道，歐洲超級能源巨頭道達爾能源公司（TotalSE）和荷蘭皇家殼牌公司（Royal Dutch Shell Plc）將聯(lián)手巴西國有石油巨頭開采兩個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域油田，這標(biāo)志著這家拉美最大原油生產(chǎn)商的最新擴張。

周五，道達爾能源公司獲得了兩個深水油田的股份，殼牌獲得了Atapu油田的一部分。這兩個出價都超過了最低要求和市場預(yù)期。這家法國能源巨頭與馬來西亞國家石油公司(Petronas)和卡塔爾石油公司(Qatar Petroleum)共同競標(biāo)Sepia油田的開采權(quán)，出價為扣除開采成本和稅收后剩余石油產(chǎn)量的37.43%。殼牌在Atapu競標(biāo)成功的合作伙伴是道達爾和馬國油。

此次拍賣標(biāo)志著兩年前國際石油勘探商回避拍賣的轉(zhuǎn)變。更優(yōu)惠的條件和更高的油價增強了巴西海上石油寶庫的吸引力，其中包括本世紀(jì)世界上一些最大的石油發(fā)現(xiàn)。

巴西官員在活動的新聞發(fā)布會上表示，我想慶祝這一進程以及參與人數(shù)的增加。更多的參與者意味著更多的投資和產(chǎn)量。

巴西國家石油公司已經(jīng)在運營這兩個油田，并行使了其在Sepia 30%股權(quán)的權(quán)利。巴西國家石油公司首席財務(wù)長羅德里戈?阿勞霍?阿爾維斯(Rodrigo Araujo Alves)表示，新合作伙伴將不得不為其迄今為止的投資進行補償，而巴西國家石油公司將不會舉債來支付這些油田的費用。最終可能會有一些額外的股息分配，因為2022年會有額外的現(xiàn)金流入。

2019年，Sepia和Atapu未能在可能是世界上最貴的石油拍賣中吸引到買家，附近油田的競標(biāo)者向政府支付了總計90億美元的簽約費用。根據(jù)休斯敦咨詢公司Gaffney, Cline & Associates的一項研究顯示，Sepia和Atapu是擁有約150億桶可采原油的集群的一部分。該區(qū)域還包括巴西國家石油公司的Buzios和Itapu油田。

巴國油已經(jīng)在該地區(qū)生產(chǎn)石油，消除了大部分勘探風(fēng)險。該公司在與Sepia毗鄰的區(qū)塊的合作伙伴是葡萄牙的Galp Energia SGPS。Galp、道達爾和殼牌是其在與Atapu毗鄰的區(qū)塊中的合作伙伴。該鹽下地區(qū)近年來推動了巴西的經(jīng)濟增長。

來自巴西海岸巖石亞鹽層的原油含硫量低于許多等級，從而減少了將其轉(zhuǎn)化為汽油的過程中所產(chǎn)生的污染。道達爾能源公司在一份聲明中將鹽下油藏描述為低排放儲量。

雷斯塔能源（Rystad Energy AS）的分析師 Schreiner Parker表示，不是一個而是兩個歐洲超級能源巨頭的存在證明了鹽下層是一項長期投資項目，具有通過能源轉(zhuǎn)型繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)的必要和充分條件。

郝芬 譯自 《石油世界期刊》

原文如下：

TotalEnergies and Shell stand out in Brazilian pre-salt oil auction

European supermajors TotalEnergies SE and Royal Dutch Shell Plc will join Brazil’s state-controlled oil giant at two key fields, marking the latest expansion in Latin America’s largest crude producer.

TotalEnergies won stakes in both of the deepwater fields on offer Friday, and Shell was awarded a piece of the Atapu field. Both bids surpassed minimum requirements and market expectations. The French energy titan bid with Malaysia’s Petronas and Qatar Petroleum for the rights to Sepia by offering 37.43% of oil output that’s left over after accounting for extraction costs and taxes. Shell’s partners in the successful Atapu bid were TotalEnergies and Petrobras.

The auction marks a turnaround from just two years ago when international oil explorers shunned the sale. Sweeter terms and higher oil prices enhanced the appeal of Brazil’s offshore oil trove which includes some of the world’s largest oil discoveries this century.

“I’d like to celebrate this process and the increase in the number of participants,” Economy Ministry said during a press conference at the event. “More players means more investment and production.”

Petrobras already operates both fields and exercised its rights to a 30% stake in Sepia. Its new partners will have to compensate it for investments made to date and Petrobras won’t increase leverage to pay for the fields, Chief Financial Officer Rodrigo Araujo Alves said.

“Eventually there may be some additional dividend distribution because there will be additional cash inflow in 2022,” Alves said.

In 2019, Sepia and Atapu failed to attract buyers in what was possibly the world’s priciest oil auction, with bidders on nearby fields paying signing bonuses to the government that totaled $9 billion. Sepia and Atapu are part of a cluster holding an estimated 15 billion barrels of recoverable crude, according to a study by Houston-based consultancy Gaffney, Cline & Associates. The area also includes Petrobras’s Buzios and Itapu fields.

Petrobras already produces oil in the area, eliminating most exploration risks. The company’s partner in a block that borders on Sepia is Portugal’s Galp Energia SGPS. Galp, Total, and Shell are its partners in a block that borders on Atapu. The pre-salt region has driven Brazil’s growth in recent years.

Crude from the sub-salt layer of rocks off Brazil’s coast has less sulfur than many grades, reducing the amount of pollution involved in converting it into gasoline. TotalEnergies described the pre-salt as low- emissions reserves in a statement.

“The presence of not one but two European supermajors proves that the pre-salt is a long term investment play that has the necessary and sufficient conditions to continue producing through the energy transition,” said Schreiner Parker, an analyst at Rystad Energy AS.