據鉆機地帶6月7日報道，美國能源部周一發布了擴大清潔氫產業的國家路線圖，目標是到2030年將產量增加到每年1000萬噸。

美國能源部周一在一份新聞稿中表示，為了幫助這個世界上最大的經濟體在2035年前實現電網無二氧化碳排放，國家清潔氫戰略和規劃旨在加快“清潔氫的生產、加工、交付、儲存和使用”。

該規劃由《兩黨基礎設施法》授權，該法律規定使用2022—2026年的80億美元資金用于建立區域清潔氫中心，即2021年11月通過的立法中所述的“清潔氫生產商、潛在清潔氫消費者和鄰近的連接基礎設施”網絡。

到2040年，該規劃的目標是每年生產2000萬噸清潔氫，到2050年達到5000萬噸。

美國能源部于2019年10月1日發布的最新政府數據顯示，美國的氫氣產量為每年1000萬噸。根據國際能源署2022年氫市場報告，2021年全球氫產量為9400萬噸。

降低成本

國家規劃的一個關鍵組成部分是降低清潔氫的成本，目標是到2030年實現每公斤1美元。根據規劃，美國能源部支持生產清潔氫的不同方法，從這個角度來看，除了電解和使用生物質和廢物原料外，還包括通過化石燃料生產，其排放被碳捕獲和儲存（CCS）抵消。該文件概述了通過這些手段可以降低成本的生產組成部分。

該規劃認為“降低成本不僅限于氫氣生產”。

各機構將繼續加強各項措施，以降低整個價值鏈上所有關鍵技術的成本，包括減少供應鏈的脆弱性和促進國內制造業。

該文件補充提出，法規中的電解槽和清潔氫制造和回收條款(五年內15億美元)將與年度撥款一起用于解決這一問題。

電解槽和其他氫技術的制造商也有資格獲得“合格先進能源項目”的資助，其中包括回收能源的設施或提供降低地球變暖排放的服務。根據美國國稅局5月31日的通知，在《兩黨基礎設施法》規定的2022—2026年7.5億美元資金中，財政部和美國國稅局預計將首輪撥款40億美元，首輪撥款將于2024年3月結束。

當前項目

路線圖稱，截至2022年，美國公開宣布的清潔氫生產項目的潛在產能總計為每年1200萬噸。

美國能源部在2022年宣布為其所稱世界上最大的清潔儲氫設施提供5.044億美元的貸款。由三菱電力美洲公司、Magnum Development和Haddington Ventures共同擁有的猶他州項目將為840兆瓦的山間電力項目供電，該項目預計將于2025年啟動。

在路易斯安那州，空氣產品和化學公司正在建設一個能源綜合體，可以生產超過7.5億標準立方英尺的藍氫，或使用天然氣生產的氫，其排放被CCS抵消。該公司表示，該綜合設施預計將于2026年投入使用，是全球最大的永久性碳捕獲工廠。

該規劃認為美國幾個州和地區正在積極推行清潔氫項目，從生產到最終使用，新項目宣布的步伐正在加快。

但報告指出，許多企業尚未做出最終投資決定。

該文件認為“獲得長期、信譽良好的承購合同，將有助于確保大量已宣布的生產項目達到最終投資決策要求”。

壽琳玲 編譯自 鉆機地帶 網站

原文如下：

USA Aims to Raise Clean Hydrogen Output to 10 MMT Yearly

The USA Department of Energy (DOE) released Monday the national roadmap for expanding the clean hydrogen industry, targeting to increase production to 10 million metric tons (MMT) annually by 2030.

To help the world’s biggest economy make its grid carbon dioxide-free by 2035, the National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap seeks to fasttrack the “the production, processing, delivery, storage, and use of clean hydrogen”, the DOE said in a press release Monday.

The roadmap is mandated by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which has set a 2022-26 funding of $8 billion for the establishment of so-called regional clean hydrogen hubs, or networks “of clean hydrogen producers, potential clean hydrogen consumers, and connective infrastructure located in close proximity”, as stated in the legislation passed November 2021.

“This roadmap will align the private and public sectors on a shared path to drive faster toward a cleaner, more secure energy future”, Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi said in the announcement.

By 2040 the roadmap eyes clean hydrogen production of 20 MMT yearly, and 50 MMT by 2050.

The latest government data, published October 1, 2019 by the DOE, put USA hydrogen output at 10 MMT a year.  Global hydrogen production was 94 MMT in 2021, according to the International Energy Agency’s 2022 report for the hydrogen market.

Cost Reduction

A key component of the roadmap is the reduction of the cost of clean hydrogen, with a target of $1 per kilogram by 2030.  The DOE under the roadmap supports different ways to produce clean hydrogen, which in its perspective include production through fossil fuels whose emissions are offset by carbon capture and storage (CCS), besides electrolysis and the use of biomass and waste feedstocks.  The document outlines components of production through these means where costs could be lowered.

The roadmap acknowledges, “Cost reduction is not limited to hydrogen production alone”.

“Agencies will continue to strengthen their activities to reduce the cost of all key technologies across the value chain, including reducing supply chain vulnerabilities and boosting domestic manufacturing”, it says.

“The BIL [Bipartisan Infrastructure Law] electrolyzer and clean hydrogen manufacturing and recycling provisions ($1.5 billion over five years) will be used, along with annual appropriations, to address this strategy”, the document adds.

Makers of electrolyzers and other hydrogen technologies also qualify for grants for so-called qualifying advanced energy projects, which include facilities that recycle energy or offer services to lower planet-warming emissions.  Out of $750 million spelled out in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for this funding for 2022-26, the treasury and the Internal Revenue Service expect to allot up to $4 billion in the first round, which is to be concluded March 2024, according to an IRS notice May 31.

Current Projects

Publicly announced projects to manufacture clean hydrogen in the USA as of 2022 totaled 12 MMT a year in potential capacity, the roadmap says.

The DOE announced 2022 $504.4 million in loan for what it calls the world’s biggest clean hydrogen storage facility. The Utah state project owned by Mitsubishi Power Americas Inc., Magnum Development and Haddington Ventures will power the 840-megawatt Intermountain Power Project, expected to start up 2025.

In Louisiana state Air Products and Chemicals Inc. is building an energy complex that can produce over 750 million standard cubic feet of blue hydrogen, or hydrogen produced using natural gas whose emissions are canceled by CCS. The company says the complex, projected to go onstream 2026, is the globe’s largest carbon capture plant for permanent sequestration.

“Several states and regions across the Nation are actively pursuing clean hydrogen projects, ranging from production through end-use”, the roadmap says. “The pace of new project announcements is accelerating”.

But many have yet to make final investment decisions, it notes.

“Securing long-term, credit-worthy offtake contracts will help ensure the significant pipeline of production announcements reaches final investment decision”, the document says.