據能源新聞4月27日消息稱，能源轉型委員會(ETC)周二在一份報告中稱，從現在到2050年，全球使用氫的能源脫碳和其他行業將需要近15萬億美元的投資。

　　ETC是一個由能源行業高管組成的國際聯盟，致力于在本世紀中葉實現凈零排放，這是巴黎氣候協議設定的目標。

　　支持者表示，基礎設施投資以及交通、天然氣網絡和工業的更多需求將降低成本。

　　ETC表示，要在本世紀中葉實現全球一致同意的凈零排放目標，清潔能源必須成為每個行業脫碳的核心，而氫將在鋼鐵和交通運輸等行業的脫碳中發揮重要作用。

　　到本世紀中葉，氫的使用量預計將增長到每年5-8億噸，占最終能源總需求的15-20%，目前為1.15億噸。

　　ETC表示，到2050年，生產綠色氫需要零碳電力供應來增加3萬太瓦時(TWh)，而一般脫碳需要9萬太瓦時(TWh)。

　　這將需要大約15萬億美元的投資，在2030年代后期達到每年8000億美元的峰值，不僅用于氫氣生產，而且用于支持氫氣使用量大幅增加的電力系統。

　　所需投資的85%將用于發電，15%將用于電解槽、制氫設施以及運輸和存儲基礎設施。

　　由于壓縮氫容器的容量有限，成本高昂，因此將需要大規模的地質儲存來生產氫氣。

　　朱佳妮 摘譯自 能源新聞

　　原文如下：

　　$15 trillion global hydrogen investment needed to 2050

　　Decarbonising energy and other industries globally using hydrogen will require investment of almost $15 trillion between now and 2050, the Energy Transitions Commission (ETC) said in a report on Tuesday.

　　The ETC is an international coalition of executives from the energy industry committed to achieving net zero emissions by mid-century, a goal set by the Paris climate agreement.

　　Proponents say infrastructure investment and more demand from transport, gas grids and industry will bring the costs down.

　　The ETC said that to reach a globally agreed goal of net zero emissions by mid-century, clean power must be at heart of decarbonising every sector, and hydrogen will play an important role in decarbonising industries such as steel and transport.

　　Hydrogen use is forecast to grow to 500-800 million tonnes a year by mid-century, accounting for 15-20% of total final energy demand, from 115 million tonnes currently.

　　Producing green hydrogen will need zero-carbon electricity supply to increase by 30,000 terawatt hours (TWh) by 2050, on top of 90,000 TWh needed for decarbonisation generally, the ETC said.

　　This will require investment of around $15 trillion, peaking in the late 2030s at around $800 billion per annum, not just for hydrogen production but for the electricity system to support the massive increase in hydrogen use.

　　Around 85% of the required investment would be in electricity generation and 15% in electrolysers, hydrogen production facilities and transport and storage infrastructure.

　　Large-scale geological storage will be needed for the hydrogen produced, given the limited capacity and large costs of compressed hydrogen containers.