據油氣新聞網9月12日報道，國際能源署（IEA）在一份新報告中表示，全球能源部門的就業人數已超過疫情前的水平，主要是清潔能源領域的就業人數增加。該報告提供了首個全球能源行業就業基準。

《世界能源就業報告》創刊號將按技術和價值鏈劃分能源部門就業情況。該報告為政策制定者和行業決策者提供了豐富的數據基礎，以了解地緣政治沖突后清潔能源轉型和能源供應鏈變化對勞動力的影響。

全球能源就業數量已從疫情造成的中斷中恢復，超過了大流行前的6500多萬人，約占總勞動力的2%。這一增長是由清潔能源部門的招聘推動的。與此同時，石油和天然氣行業在疫情開始時出現了一些最大的就業降幅，目前尚未完全恢復。

隨著最近的復蘇，清潔能源在總能源就業中所占的比例超過了50%，近三分之二的工人參與了新項目的建設和清潔能源技術的制造。與此同時，隨著新項目的開發，尤其是新的液化天然氣基礎設施，石油和天然氣行業的就業人數也在上升。

能源行業將在2022年實現近年來最快的就業增長，然而，高投入成本和通脹壓力正在增加一些地區和子行業（如太陽能、風能、石油和天然氣）的招聘和供應鏈挑戰。對疫情和地緣政治沖突的政策回應，包括美國的《通貨膨脹削減法案》，將繼續增加新的招聘需求，并改變全球能源供應鏈的現狀。

本報告中統計的能源工作跨越價值鏈，大約三分之一的工人從事能源燃料供應（煤炭、石油、天然氣和生物能源），三分之一從事電力行業（發電、輸電、配電和存儲），還有三分之一從事在關鍵能源最終用途（車輛制造和能源效率）。 一半以上的能源就業在亞太地區。

這反映出該地區能源基礎設施的迅速擴建，以及獲得低成本勞動力的途徑，這些都使得服務于當地和出口市場的制造業中心得以出現，尤其是太陽能、電動汽車和電池。

在國際能源署的所有設想中，清潔能源就業崗位都將增長，超過化石燃料就業崗位的下降。2050年零排放設想下，到2030年將新增1400萬個清潔能源就業崗位，另有1600萬工人將從事與清潔能源相關的新工作。新能源工作可能并不總是在同一地點，也不需要與所替代的工作相同的技能，這就要求決策者將重點放在工作培訓和能力建設上，以確保能源轉型使盡可能多的人受益。

國際能源署執行主任法提赫·比羅爾表示，世界各國對當前危機的反應是尋求加速本國清潔能源產業的增長。采取這一措施的地區將看到就業機會的大幅增長。抓住這個機會需要熟練的工人。政府、公司、勞工代表和教育工作者必須齊心協力，制定培養這種勞動力所需的計劃和認證，并確保創造的工作是可以吸引多元化勞動力的優質工作。

全球能源行業約45%的工人從事高技能職業，而在更廣泛的經濟體中，這一比例約為25%。一些化石燃料公司正在內部對工人進行再培訓，以適應低碳領域的職位，以保留人才或在需要時保持靈活性。然而，這并不是在所有地方都可行，確保受影響工人以人為本、公正過渡必須繼續成為政策制定者的重點，尤其是在就業數年來持續下降的煤炭行業。

郝芬 譯自 油氣新聞網

原文如下：

Clean energy jobs surpass pre-pandemic levels:IEA

Global employment in the energy sector has risen above its pre-pandemic levels, led by increased hiring in clean energy, said the International Energy Agency (IEA) in a new report that offers the first worldwide benchmark for employment across energy industries.

The inaugural edition of the World Energy Employment Report, which will be published annually, maps energy sector employment by technology and value chain segment. The report provides a data-rich foundation for policy makers and industry decision makers to understand the labour-related impacts of clean energy transitions and shifts in energy supply chains following the war.

The amount of energy jobs worldwide has recovered from disruptions due to Covid-19, increasing above its pre-pandemic level of over 65 million people, or around 2% of the total labour force. The growth has been driven by hiring in clean energy sectors. The oil and gas sector, meanwhile, saw some of the largest declines in employment at the start of the pandemic and has yet to fully recover.

With the recent rebound, clean energy surpassed the 50% mark for its share of total energy employment, with nearly two-thirds of workers involved in building new projects and manufacturing clean energy technologies. At the same time, the oil and gas sector is also experiencing an upswing in employment, with new projects under development, notably new liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure.

The energy sector is set to see its fastest employment growth in recent years in 2022, however high input costs and inflationary pressures are adding to hiring and supply chain challenges already present in some regions and subsectors, such as solar, wind, oil, and gas. Policy responses to the pandemic and the war, including the US Inflation Reduction Act, will continue to add to new hiring demand and to shifting the status-quo of global energy supply chains.

Energy jobs counted in this report span the value chain, with around a third of workers in energy fuel supply (coal, oil, gas and bioenergy), a third in the power sector (generation, transmission, distribution and storage), and a third in key energy end uses (vehicle manufacturing and energy efficiency). More than half of energy employment is in the Asia-Pacific region.

This reflects rapidly expanding energy infrastructure in the region and access to lower-cost labour that has enabled the emergence of manufacturing hubs that serve both local and export markets, notably for solar, electric vehicles and batteries. 

In all IEA scenarios, clean energy employment is set to grow, outweighing declines in fossil fuels jobs. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, 14 million new clean energy jobs are created by 2030, while another 16 million workers switch to new roles related to clean energy. New energy jobs may not always be in the same location nor require the same skills as the jobs they replace, requiring policy makers to focus on job training and capacity building to ensure that energy transitions benefit as many people as possible.

“Countries around the world are responding to the current crisis by seeking to accelerate the growth of homegrown clean energy industries. The regions that make this move will see huge growth in jobs,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.

“Seizing this opportunity requires skilled workers. Governments, companies, labour representatives and educators must come together to develop the programmes and accreditations needed to cultivate this workforce and ensure the jobs created are quality jobs that can attract a diverse workforce.”

Around 45% of the world’s energy workers are in high-skilled occupations, compared with about 25% for the wider economy. Some fossil fuel companies are retraining workers internally for positions in low-carbon areas to retain talent or to maintain flexibility as needs arise. However, this is not an option everywhere, and ensuring a people-centred and just transition for affected workers must remain a focus for policy makers, especially in the coal sector where employment has been declining consistently for several years.