受歐洲爭相取代管道天然氣的推動，2022年全球液化天然氣進口量創下歷史新高

2022年全球液化天然氣進口總量達到4.09億噸，而2021年為3.796億噸

歐洲是2022年全球液化天然氣的高價市場，但亞洲需求的回升可能會使今年的全球液化天然氣市場競爭更加激烈

據油價網2023年1月12日報道，由于歐洲急于取代管道天然氣供應，并以高于亞洲的價格吸引了全球大部分液化天然氣貨物，2022年全球液化天然氣進口量創下4.09億噸的歷史新高。

根據路透社亞洲大宗商品和能源專欄作家克萊德· 拉塞爾引用全球金融市場數據和基礎設施提供商Refinitiv公布的數據，2022年全球液化天然氣進口量為4.09億噸，高于2021年的3.865億噸。

大宗商品分析公司Kpler認為，2022年全球液化天然氣進口量為4.405億噸，與2021年的3.796億噸進口量相比有所增加。

雖然前幾年亞洲是液化天然氣出口的主要目的地，但由于歐洲尋求取代的管道天然氣供應，歐洲已成為全球液化天然氣的高價市場。據估計，2022年歐洲進口了全球近四分之一的液化天然氣供應量，在與亞洲的競爭中勝出。在切斷對多數西方客戶的管道天然氣供應后，歐洲天然氣基準價格大幅飆升。

《金融時報》援引Refinitiv的數據顯示，2022年，歐盟液化天然氣進口量達到1.01億噸，比2021年激增58%。數據顯示，歐盟去年進口的液化天然氣占全球總交易量的24%。

歐洲大部分液化天然氣進口都受到了亞洲需求低迷的推動。而南亞和東南亞的大多數國家根本無法負擔飆升的液化天然氣現貨價格。

倫敦咨詢公司Timera能源公司去年11月表示，歐洲轉向液化天然氣對已經緊張的全球液化天然氣市場造成了需求沖擊，歐盟每年液化天然氣的需求增加了5000萬噸。Timera能源公司指出，歐洲在液化天然氣市場上的角色已從被動消極急劇轉變為主動積極的競爭對手。

盡管歐洲基準天然氣價格最近暴跌至低于東北亞日韓基準價格，但由于亞洲需求仍然疲軟，歐洲繼續吸引著美國出口的大部分液化天然氣。

李峻 編譯自 油價網

原文如下：

Global LNG imports Hit A Record High In 2022

·     In 2022, global liquefied natural gas volumes hit a record high, driven by Europe’s scramble to replace pipeline gas.

·     Total LNG imports in 2022 hit 409 million tons compared to 379.6 million tons the year before.

·     Europe was the premium market for LNG in 2022, but returning demand from Asia is likely to make markets more competitive this year.

Global imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) hit a record high of 409 million tons last year, as Europe scrambled to replace pipeline gas supply and outbid Asia to draw the majority of cargoes.  

The global LNG imports of 409 million tons in 2022 were up from world imports of 386.5 million tons in 2021, per data from Refinitiv quoted by Reuters’ Asia Commodities and Energy Columnist, Clyde Russell.  

Commodity analytics firm Kpler puts the 2022 global LNG imports at 400.5 million tons, an increase compared to imports of 379.6 million tons in 2021.

While Asia was the primary destination of LNG in previous years, Europe emerged as the premium market for liquefied natural gas as it seeks to replace Russian pipeline gas supply. Europe is estimated to have imported nearly one-quarter of all LNG traded last year, winning the competition with Asia, as European benchmark prices surged after it started cutting off pipeline supplies to most of its customers to the west.

In 2022, the EU’s imports of LNG hit 101 million tons, which was a 58% surge compared to 2021, per data from Refinitiv cited by the Financial Times. The EU imported a total of 24% of all LNG traded last year, according to the data. 

Much of the European LNG imports were aided by lackluster demand in Asia, while most of South and Southeast Asia simply couldn’t afford the skyrocketing spot LNG prices.

Europe’s pivot to LNG has created a demand shock to an already tight global LNG market, with additional 50 million tons annually of EU demand, London-based consultancy Timera Energy said in November. Europe’s role in the LNG market sharply changed from a passive and flexible LNG sink to a direct and aggressive competitor, Timera Energy noted.

Despite the recent plunge in the European benchmark gas prices to below the North Asian benchmark, Europe continues to attract most of the U.S. exports of LNG as demand in Asia is still weak.