美國2022年仍是全球最大的石油生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國，超過了沙特阿拉伯等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手

2022年布倫特原油和西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油價(jià)格為2013年以來的最高水平，反映出油價(jià)的大幅上漲

2022年全球石油消費(fèi)量接近歷史最高水平，墨西哥石油消費(fèi)量顯著增長(zhǎng)

據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)8月22日?qǐng)?bào)道，6月份，英國能源研究所發(fā)布了《2023年世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告。 正如在之前的文章中所解釋的，這就是以前的英國石油公司（bp）的《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告，但bp已經(jīng)將其出版權(quán)移交給英國能源研究所。

《2023年世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告在國家一級(jí)層面上全面介紹了主要能源的供求情況。每年，本文作者都會(huì)寫一系列文章來報(bào)道《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果。

曾經(jīng)作者討論了全球二氧化碳排放的趨勢(shì)，以及《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告的總體亮點(diǎn)。今天作者想談?wù)?022年全球石油的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)。

定義石油

值得注意的是，《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告列出了石油生產(chǎn)的幾個(gè)類別。當(dāng)美國能源信息署(EIA)報(bào)告美國石油產(chǎn)量時(shí)，他們報(bào)告的僅包括原油和凝析油。凝析油由在天然氣井中開采出的輕質(zhì)液態(tài)烴組成。這些主要是汽油和更高范圍內(nèi)的碳?xì)浠衔铮鼈兺ǔＴ谏a(chǎn)后進(jìn)入原油流。

另一類可能歸入石油生產(chǎn)的是天然氣液體(NGL)。天然氣液體是在天然氣加工廠分離出來的碳?xì)浠衔铩＿@些碳?xì)浠衔锎_實(shí)與伴生氣凝析油碳?xì)浠衔镏丿B，但它們包括乙烷、丙烷和丁烷等較輕的碳?xì)浠衔铮樯鷼饽鲇椭饕晌焱楹透咛細(xì)浠衔锝M成。

《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告的石油產(chǎn)量包括原油、凝析油、天然氣液體和油砂。然而，《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告了一個(gè)單獨(dú)的原油加凝析油類別，這與EIA對(duì)石油生產(chǎn)的定義是一致的。

概述

對(duì)于2022年，《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告稱2022年全球石油日產(chǎn)量(包括伴生氣凝析油和天然氣液體)為9380萬桶。這比2019年的歷史最高水平低大約100萬桶，但比2021年的平均日產(chǎn)量高出380萬桶。

據(jù)報(bào)道，2022年全球石油日消費(fèi)量為9730萬桶。據(jù)報(bào)道，包括生物燃料在內(nèi)的液體日總消費(fèi)量為1.003億桶，再次低于2019年水平，比2021年高出310萬桶。

最大石油生產(chǎn)國

在原油加凝析油的常規(guī)類別以及包括天然氣液體的類別中，美國在2022年都是世界上最大的石油生產(chǎn)國。2014年，美國從沙特阿拉伯手中奪取了全球最大產(chǎn)油國的頭銜，此后除了一年之外，美國一直保持著這一頭銜。美國2022年的石油產(chǎn)量?jī)H比2019年創(chuàng)下的新高低3.5%，今年有望創(chuàng)下產(chǎn)量新高。

盡管美國的原油日產(chǎn)量?jī)H領(lǐng)先沙特阿拉伯等100多萬桶，但考慮到天然氣液體，這一領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)要大得多。包括天然氣液體在內(nèi)，2022年美國的日產(chǎn)量為1780萬桶。日產(chǎn)量比沙特阿拉伯多560萬桶。這是過去20年美國天然氣產(chǎn)量大幅增加的結(jié)果，這導(dǎo)致了美國天然氣液體產(chǎn)量的大幅增加。

最大石油消費(fèi)國

美國2022年也仍然是世界上最大的石油消費(fèi)國，2022年平均石油日消費(fèi)量為1910萬桶。2022年全球石油消費(fèi)量前10名的平均日消費(fèi)量增加了4.6%。

與近幾年來相比，這份榜單最大的變化是德國跌出了前10名，而墨西哥在2021年的石油消費(fèi)量增加了20%后躍入榜單。

不斷飛漲的原油價(jià)格

《世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告稱，2022年布倫特原油平均價(jià)格為每桶101.32美元，西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油(WTI)平均價(jià)格為每桶94.58美元。這兩個(gè)價(jià)格都比2021年的平均價(jià)格高出40%左右，這兩個(gè)價(jià)格都是自2013年以來的最高年平均油價(jià)。

結(jié)論

總之，《2023年世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)評(píng)論》報(bào)告全面揭示了2022年全球石油生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的復(fù)雜動(dòng)態(tài)。美國作為主要石油生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國的突出地位凸顯了石油行業(yè)正在發(fā)生的變化。

隨著布倫特原油和西得克薩斯中質(zhì)原油價(jià)格達(dá)到10年來的最高水平，很明顯，能源世界仍是一股充滿活力和影響力的力量，影響著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策。在市場(chǎng)向前發(fā)展的過程中，對(duì)這些模式和趨勢(shì)的深入理解對(duì)于駕馭復(fù)雜的全球能源格局至關(guān)重要。

李峻 譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Global Oil Consumption Nears All-Time Highs

·     The US remains the top oil producer and consumer worldwide, outpacing competitors like Saudi Arabia.

·     Brent crude and WTI prices in 2022 were the highest since 2013, reflecting a significant rise in oil prices.

·     Global oil consumption approached record highs, with Mexico making notable gains and being the only top country to report a decrease.

In June, the Energy Institute released the 2023 Statistical Review of World Energy. As explained in previous articles, this was formerly the BP Statistical Review, but BP has handed this off to the Energy Institute going forward.

The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Each year, I do a series of articles covering the Review’s findings.

In two previous articles, I discussed the trends in global carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the overall highlights of the Review. Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of petroleum.

Defining Oil

It’s important to note that the Review lists several categories of oil production. When the Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports U.S. oil production, they are reporting crude oil plus lease condensate. The latter consists of light liquid hydrocarbons recovered in the field at natural gas wells. These are mostly hydrocarbons in the gasoline and higher range, and they normally enter the crude oil stream after production.

Another category that may be lumped into oil production is natural gas liquids (NGLs). These are hydrocarbons that are separated out at natural gas processing plants. These hydrocarbons do overlap with the lease condensate hydrocarbons, but they include lighter hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane, whereas lease condensate consists of primarily pentane and higher hydrocarbons.

The Review reports oil production as the total of crude oil, lease condensate, NGLs, and oil sands. However, they report a separate category of crude oil plus condensate, which would be consistent with the EIA’s definition of oil production.

Overview

For 2022, the Review reported 2022 global oil production (which includes lease condensate and NGLs) of 93.8 million barrels per day (bpd). This was about one million bpd short of the all-time high set in 2019, but this was 3.8 million bpd higher than 2021 production.

Consumption was reported to be 97.3 million bpd. Total liquids consumption — which includes biofuels — was reported at 100.3 million bpd, once more just short of the 2019 record and 3.1 million bpd higher than in 2021.

The Top Producers

In both the conventional categories of crude plus condensate — as well as the category that includes NGLs — the United States was the world’s top oil producer in 2022. The U.S. took the top oil producer title from Saudi Arabia in 2014, and has held it in all but one year since. U.S. production in 2022 was just 3.5% short of the record set in 2019 and is on pace to set a new production record this year.

Although the U.S. enjoys a lead over Saudi Arabia  of just over a million bpd, that lead is far greater when NGLs are considered. With NGLs included U.S. production in 2022 was 17.8 million bpd. That’s 5.6 million bpd ahead of Saudi Arabia, and 6.6 million bpd in that category. This is a function of the massive increase in U.S. natural gas production over the past two decades, which resulted in a large increase in U.S. NGL production.

The Top Consumers

The United States also remained the world’s top oil consumer, averaging 19.1 million BPD in 2022.The average consumption increase among the Top 10 was 4.6%.

The biggest change in this list compared to recent years is that Germany fell out of the Top 10, and Mexico jumped onto the list after a huge 20% consumption increase over 2021.

Soaring Crude Prices

The Review reported that Brent crude prices averaged $101.32 per barrel in 2022, and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) averaged $94.58. Both prices were about 40% above the 2021 average, and in both cases represented the highest average annual oil price since 2013.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the 2023 Statistical Review of World Energy sheds a comprehensive light on the intricate dynamics of global petroleum production and consumption. The United States’ prominent position as a leading oil producer and consumer underscores the ongoing shifts in the industry.

With Brent crude and WTI prices reaching the highest levels in a decade, it is clear that the world of energy remains a dynamic and influential force that shapes economies and policies alike. As we move forward, a deeper understanding of these patterns and trends will be crucial in navigating the complexities of the global energy landscape.